bootstrap removal phase 1: drop carousel/tables/close/images partials

- carousel: art/studio migrated to native .dw-carousel; no Bootstrap .carousel.
- tables, close: zero usage in the theme.
- images: only .img-fluid was used -> replaced with a one-line rule.
v4-style.min.css 210,045 -> 199,448 bytes (-10.4 KB). No markup changes.

css/styles.scss

@@ -55,24 +55,22 @@ $enable-negative-margins: true;
 
 /***********************************************************
 ########## Bootstrap 5 — subset to used parts #############
-   Dropped (unused in the theme): dropdown, button-group,
-   accordion, breadcrumb, progress, toasts, modal, tooltip,
-   popover, spinners, placeholders.
-   Kept: grid + carousel + nav/navbar + forms/buttons + tables
-   + list-group + card + pagination + alert + badge (last.fm stat
-   counts) + the utilities API. (offcanvas nav is now self-contained
-   CSS via :target — see .dw-offcanvas in Overrides.)
-   (Was the full ~200 KB framework.)
+   Being removed incrementally (Phase 1, 2026-07-13).
+   Dropped (unused / migrated): dropdown, button-group, accordion,
+   breadcrumb, progress, toasts, modal, tooltip, popover, spinners,
+   placeholders, carousel (→ native .dw-carousel), tables, close,
+   images (→ .img-fluid one-liner below).
+   Kept: grid + nav/navbar + forms/buttons + list-group + card +
+   pagination + alert + badge (last.fm stat counts) + utilities API.
+   (offcanvas nav is self-contained CSS via :target — see .dw-offcanvas.)
 ************************************************************/
 
 @import '../node_modules/bootstrap/scss/utilities';
 @import '../node_modules/bootstrap/scss/root';
 @import '../node_modules/bootstrap/scss/reboot';
 @import '../node_modules/bootstrap/scss/type';
-@import '../node_modules/bootstrap/scss/images';
 @import '../node_modules/bootstrap/scss/containers';
 @import '../node_modules/bootstrap/scss/grid';
-@import '../node_modules/bootstrap/scss/tables';
 @import '../node_modules/bootstrap/scss/forms';
 @import '../node_modules/bootstrap/scss/buttons';
 @import '../node_modules/bootstrap/scss/transitions';
@@ -83,11 +81,15 @@ $enable-negative-margins: true;
 @import '../node_modules/bootstrap/scss/alert';
 @import '../node_modules/bootstrap/scss/list-group';
 @import '../node_modules/bootstrap/scss/badge';
-@import '../node_modules/bootstrap/scss/close';
-@import '../node_modules/bootstrap/scss/carousel';
 @import '../node_modules/bootstrap/scss/helpers';
 @import '../node_modules/bootstrap/scss/utilities/api';
 
+// Replaces the dropped bootstrap/images partial (only .img-fluid was used).
+.img-fluid {
+  max-width: 100%;
+  height: auto;
+}
+
 /* Bootstrap Icons font dropped (2026-06-19): the header's 8 nav icons are now
    inline SVG in parts/header.html, so the full icon font + its ~2000 CSS rules
    are no longer imported. */